Edible mushroom planting technology
Many mushroom farmers, no matter what type of fungus sticks, will be very nervous when the fungus sticks start a little primitive base, and think that the fungus sticks can not be used from the primitive base, in fact, this is a misunderstanding. Only when external stimuli (temperature difference, vibration) stimulate the fungus stick to make it mushroom, it proves that the fungus stick is energetic and active enough. If you dispose of it well and eliminate it well, you can successfully vaccinate it.
And mushroom sticks, it is a living thing, in the planting process must not take a fixed formula to manage it, because it will change every moment. Many mushroom farmers will think, why and last year with the same method, the result is not the same? That's because the climate this year is different from last year. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate appropriate bacterial cultivation programs according to the mushroom itself, as well as the current climate and other issues.
Accumulated temperature is the accumulation of temperature during the incubation period
If the accumulation of daily temperature is less than 5℃-8℃, the temperature is too low. At that temperature, it can not be managed according to the accumulated temperature, and the bacteria rod above 28°C is not included in the range of calculation of accumulated temperature.
How many temperatures are not included in the calculation of accumulated temperature:
1, the culture temperature is below 5℃-8℃, this temperature, the bacteria is almost in a dormant state.
2. The temperature of the fungus stick is higher than 28℃, at which temperature, the mycelium is in a dormant state.
Now many mushroom farmers are family bacteria, no hire people, we do not pay much attention to the stacking of this thing. In fact, when the mushroom rod is expanded, it needs to be inverted for the first time when it is 10 centimeters long, and many mushroom farmers have omitted this process. It is no use doing it again after just one week of stacking. In fact, when you pour the stack, you are stimulating its mycelia growth, and in the state of giving it oxygen, the more you stimulate it, the faster the mycelia will grow.
1. Time to reverse the stack of fungus sticks:
1.1 The fungus sticks will be in the state of discharging after 3-4 days.
1.2 At around 10-13 days, if the mycelium is growing normally, the first stacking should be carried out at this time.
1.3 The second stacking shall be carried out when the disk is nearly connected
Problems that must be paid attention to in the process of fungus cultivation:
2.1 The bacteria segment is used as the hole at the back of the bag, and the hole needs to be torn when it grows as large as a goose egg.
2.2 Tearing can allow it to ventilate oxygen, and the mycelium will be stronger and grow faster.
Why does the fungus stick not produce mushrooms after water injection?
The reason is that the fungus stick has not reached the maturity standard, and many mushroom farmers do not understand that the temperature in the summer is so high, and it must reach the temperature required for mycelium growth. In fact, the process of mycelium growth, it needs the "accumulated temperature" is the effective accumulated temperature, if the temperature exceeds its limit temperature, it is in a dormant state. Just like the winter temperature is too low, the anti-bacterial time is long, the reason is that the accumulated temperature is not enough.
After a dog day, the temperature is not enough.
In fact, mushroom farmers will have a personal experience, when the temperature of the mushroom stick is measured in the summer, there are many days when the temperature has reached more than 30 degrees. At the time, the fungus was actually dormant. In order to press the effective accumulated temperature of the mycelium, it can not be calculated by day, and it is necessary to subtract the day. Therefore, the fungus stick does not produce mushrooms, or the maturity of the fungus stick is not enough, although it is good to say that some of the fungus stick has changed color and turned silk, but when the fungus stick is opened to see, the mycelium has not reached the state of mushrooms. This is what we call maturity.
Maturity criterion
1. The fungus skin is soft.
2. Mycelium reaches the state.
3, turn the color to a certain extent.
After transportation home, mushroom sticks can be in several states:
1) The newly overgrown state
2) The state after maturity
3) The appearance of a tumor
Some fungus sticks are covered with mycelium when they are just retrieved, and the fungus sticks are very tender at this time, some people will directly use these bacteria sticks, so it is not possible! Some mushroom farmers have their own cold storage, just take the fungus sticks, because the transportation road may be relatively far, picking up the goods is not very convenient, they will retrieve a lot of fungus sticks into the cold storage, we suggest that when retrieving the fungus sticks, to carry out a "rejuvenation" process, the fungus sticks in our storage temperature is 0 ~ 4 degrees. For example, if you pick up a fungus stick in October or November, the outdoor temperature will be around 7 to 10 degrees, and after transporting it back to the base, it should be given a gradual warming process. For example: first heat the fungus to 10 ~ 12 degrees, and then slow down for 3-4 days (to allow the fungus to adapt to the heating time); Then, raise the sticks to 17-18 degrees and slow them for another 7-10 days (to allow the sticks to adjust to the temperature); When the skin of the strain is elastic and the mycelium is white after breaking apart, then it can be directly inoculated.
Some mushroom farmers also do "revitalizing" after getting back the fungus stick, but he is suddenly "revitalizing" the temperature to more than 20 degrees, and suddenly give it a temperature difference stimulus, which will be the original base, that is, the mushroom farmers often say, "the strain with the package, with the bud." But do not be afraid of this situation, if your fungus stick it is still not elastic, the mycelium is still very white, then you only need to use the "long package" on the top of the knife, do not bring the original machine to the fungus eye on it, if accidentally connected, it may cause pollution and rotten rod. In the process of use, there must be a special person to pick the bacteria stick, and observe whether the bacteria stick is contaminated, cracked and so on. If this is the case, do not be afraid, do a good disinfection will be no problem.
If the fungus stick is used directly after it is retrieved, the mycelium may not be twisted and the state of use is not reached, and the feeding will be very slow after inoculation. The reason is that both the mycelium and the mycelium are in a dormant state, and the dormant state requires a certain temperature and certain stimulation to activate it. Activate it, so it takes a certain amount of time, then the later stage of your rejuvenation strain, in fact, is to make up for this time, so after retrieving the fungus stick, you must first "rejuvenate" and then use it
All strains in 2020 are not producing as well as in previous years, so why?
This reason is mainly determined by the general climate.
There are several reasons for this:
1, early spring is particularly cold, occasionally have a few days of high temperature, a lot of bacteria sticks burst. Once the fungus pops, it consumes a large amount of nutrients and loses water very quickly.
2. Once the fungus stick explodes, the mycelium of the whole fungus stick is particularly weak, the water content is particularly low, and the mycelium recovery is particularly slow. Basically, there are fewer mushrooms in the second crop.
3, the water can not be discharged, and the third stubble is anxious to inject water. In the second crop did not produce much mushrooms, the third crop and premature water injection, the temperature is higher, it is easy to rot.
In terms of the whole climate, this year's climate is not normal, including the Inner Mongolia area and the Pingjiang area, the rainfall is particularly heavy, the rainfall is almost the sum of the past three years. There is humidity humidity is relatively large, the surface of mushroom is easy to black. Because the humidity is too large, the head grows backwards, that is, the face is still a little black, the appearance is not very good, so the price will not be so high.
Overall this year, climate factors have dominated, affecting the incomes of many mushroom farmers
Water injection management Method Method of water injection management
1, the first crop of water injection is generally in early spring, early spring is March water injection. Then you have to put down the shed at night, stuffy some shed, can not put so cool, because the temperature is particularly cold at that time, the plastic sheet has to be put down, after the water is poured at least an hour of water, and the shed has to be stuffy during the day and night, because the temperature is very low at that time, and the temperature difference is enough.
2, if it is in May, you have finished the water, the weather is gradually hot, you have to put out the wind properly at night, the bacteria stick needs to be a little cool, and then cover the shed during the day, open the plastic down to let it temperature up.
3. If the temperature of the shed during the day exceeds 30 degrees, it is still necessary to slightly ventilate the shed so that the hot air can be dispersed, and it can not be exposed to high temperature for a long time, that is, it can not be exposed to high temperature for a long time after water injection. After water injection, the temperature of the bacteria rod can be controlled at 25 degrees, which does not need to be too high, because after water injection, there is more water in the bacteria rod. The moisture of the fungus sticks is easy to heat and spoil the sticks.
4, when the water is injected in June and July, the open shed is needed during the day and night, because the temperature is gradually high at that time, the temperature difference of the natural temperature is enough, after the water is injected, the night needs to water it, and then the open shed, all the sheds should be opened, and the daytime is best to open the shed management. In June and July, the temperature is already high enough that there is no need for a shelter.